Which technology enhances security by combining multiple identification methods?

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) significantly enhances security by requiring users to provide two or more distinct forms of identification before accessing a system or data. This process typically involves combining something the user knows (like a password), something the user has (such as a smart card or mobile device), and something the user is (biometric data like a fingerprint). By integrating these multiple identification methods, MFA mitigates the risk of unauthorized access that can occur if one form of authentication is compromised.

In contrast, Single Sign-On allows users to access multiple services with one set of credentials, which simplifies access but does not add layers of security. Data Encryption is a method that protects data integrity and confidentiality by converting it into a format that is unreadable without the correct decryption key but does not address user verification directly. Access Control Lists are used to grant or restrict permissions to data or resources based on user accounts, which helps manage access but does not incorporate multiple layers of user identification. Thus, the design of MFA makes it a powerful tool against various security threats and enhances overall cybersecurity.