What is a DHCP server responsible for?

A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server is primarily responsible for assigning IP addresses to devices on a network automatically. This process simplifies network management by allowing devices to obtain their IP address and other network configuration settings (such as subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS servers) without requiring manual setup for each device.

When a device connects to the network, it sends out a DHCP discovery message, and the DHCP server responds with an offer that includes an available IP address from its pool. The device then accepts this offer, and the DHCP server finalizes the assignment by providing the IP address along with other configurations.

This automation helps reduce the potential for IP address conflicts, as the DHCP server ensures that each device receives a unique address. The convenience of automatic configuration is particularly beneficial in networks with a large number of devices, making the DHCP server an essential component in modern network environments.

Other options do relate to networking but are not functions of a DHCP server. For example, routing network traffic pertains to routers, file storage relates to servers that manage data storage, and monitoring network security involves security tools and practices separate from the core function of DHCP services.