How do software patches contribute to system security?

Software patches play a crucial role in enhancing system security primarily by fixing vulnerabilities and bugs. When software developers identify security weaknesses or bugs within their applications, they create patches to address these issues. These patches are then distributed to users, enabling them to update their systems promptly and protect against exploitation by malicious actors.

By applying these patches, users can close security gaps that could otherwise be targeted by attackers to gain unauthorized access or cause harm. Regularly updating software with the latest patches is considered a best practice in cybersecurity, as it helps ensure that systems are protected against known threats.

The other options, while related to security and system management, do not directly address how patches enhance system security. Encrypting sensitive data focuses on protecting information rather than fixing vulnerabilities, backing up system data is about recovery rather than prevention of threats, and monitoring user activity is more about surveillance and compliance than directly securing against vulnerabilities.